Data networks and the Internet provide seamless and reliable communication between people. Applications such as e-mail, web browsers, and instant messaging allow people to use computers and networks to send messages and find information. Data from applications is packaged, transported, and delivered to the appropriate server or application on the destination device. The processes that are described in the TCP/IP transport layer accept data from the application layer and prepare it for addressing at the Internet layer. The transport layer is responsible for the overall end-to-end transfer of application data. The transport layer also encompasses functions to enable multiple applications to communicate over the network at the same time on a single device. This layer can use error-processing mechanisms to ensure that all of the data is received reliably and in order by the correct application. For the Internet and internal networks to function correctly, data must be delivered reliably. You can ensure reliable delivery of data through development of an application and by using the services that are provided by the network protocol. In the TCP/IP and OSI models, the transport layer manages the process of reliable data delivery. The transport layer hides the details of any network-dependent information from the higher layers to provide transparent data transfer. TCP/IP UDP and TCP therefore operate between the network layer and the application layer. Learning how UDP and TCP function between the network layer and the transport layer provides a more complete understanding of how data is transmitted in a TCP/IP networking environment. This course describes the function of the transport layer and how UDP and TCP operate. Routing is the process that forwards data packets between networks or subnetworks, using a TCP/IP Internet layer device, that is, a router. The routing process uses network routing tables, protocols, and algorithms to determine the most efficient path for f

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